Secondary Storage

File Compression

File compression is commonly helps to speed up transmission of files from one computer systems to one another. The compression basically makes the file smaller, therefore the sending of the file is faster. Then, compress a file and send it to another computer that computer need to have a program that will decompress the file so it can be returned to "normal" and used.

Head Crash
 Head crash is a disaster of a hard disk . Head crash is a disastrous because the disk surface is scratched and some or all of the data is spoiled.  If the head becomes misaligned or if dust particles come between it and the disk, it can touch the disk. When this happens, you usually lose much of the data on the hard disk and will need to replace both the head and the disk.

Internet Hard Drive

Internet hard drives is known as i-drive or online storage. It has served to meet this need, offering a creative new solution to the issue of data storage.The sole purpose of an Internet hard drive is to offer of accessing your computer files such as pictures, graphics, documents, music, videos, and audio from any computer, as long as that computer has access to the Internet.

Optical Disk Drive

An optical disk drive (ODD) is a disk drive that uses laser light or electromagnetic waves near the light spectrumk as part of the process of reading or writing data to or from optical disc. Optical disk drives retain much more information than classic portable media options like the floppy disk which retrieve and store data on optical discs like CDs and DVDs. Most optical disk drives can play or record onto a large number of different disc formats.

Solid-state Storage

Solid-state storage is a nonvolatile, removable storage medium that employs integrated circuits  rather than magnetic or optical media. Solid-stage storage devices have no moving parts. Data and information are stored and retrieved electronically directly from these devices. It is widely used in notebook computers, digital camera and digital video camera. Furthermore, it can used to record MP3 music files and stored images captured from digital cameras and then transfer the images to your computer.

Input and Output

Ergonomic Keyboard

Computer keyboard designed with ergonomic considerations to decrease muscle strain and a host of related problems is called as an ergonomic keyboard.. 'Ergonomic considerations' is a phrase which can get a lot of meanings so let's look at what a few of those are. A good ergonomic computer keyboard is going to keep your hands, wrists and shoulders in a better position than a standard keyboard would.

Ink-jet Printer

An ink-jet printer is a type of computer printer that sprays ink at high speed onto the surface of paper. Magnetized plates in the ink's path direct the ink onto the paper in the desired shapes. It is most widely used printers due to reliable, quiet and relatively inexpensive. Ink-jet printers are capable of producing high quality print approaching that produced by laser printers.

.Laser Printer

A laser printer is a common type of computer printer that rapidly produces high quality text, graphics capable of printing an almost unlimited variety of fonts on plain paper. It use laser beam to produce images with excellent letter and graphics quality. It is more expensive than ink-jet printer. Besides that, it is faster and are used in applications requiring high quality input.

Magnetic-ink chatacter reader (MICR)

Magnetic Ink Character Reader (MICR) is an input device widely used by banks to automatically read those unusual numbers on the bottom of checks. It consists of special ink called magnetic ink (i.e. an ink that contains iron oxide particles) is used to write characters on the check and deposit forms to be processed by an MICR. It is capable of reading characters which are compared with special potter stored in the memory to identify the characters.

Optical-character recognition (OCR)

Optical character recognition is the recognition of printed or written text characters by a computer. This involves photoscanning of the text character-by-character, analysis of the scanned-in image, and then translation of the character image into character codes, such as ASCII, commonly used in data processing. A common OCR device is the handheld wand reader and usually used in department stores to read retail price tags.

Optical-mark recognition (OMR)

Optical-mark recognition also called optical-mark reading is the process of capturing human-marked data from document forms such as surveys and multiple choice tests. Optical-mark recognition is the technology of electronically extracting intended data from marked fields, such as checkboxes and fill-in fields, on printed forms. It is generally distinguished from OCR by the fact that a recognition engine is not needed.

The System Unit

Flash memory

Flash memory is a non-volatile computer storage chip that can be electrically erased and reprogrammed. It is primarily used in memory cards, USB flash drives, MP3 players and solid-state drives for general storage and transfer of data between computers and other digital products. It can retain data even if power is disrupted. It used for digital video camera, mobile phone and portable computers.

Graphic cards

A graphic card or video card is a piece of hardware installed in computer that is responsible for providing the image on the computer’s monitor or display screen. Other modern high performance video cards are used for more graphically demanding purposes, such as PC games.

Sound cards

A sound card or audio card  is a computer expansion card that facilitates the input and output of audio signals to and from a computer under control of computer programs. Typical uses of sound cards include supplying the audio component for multimedia applications such as music composition, editing video or audio, presentation, education, and entertainment games.

Network interface card (NIC)

A network interface card (NIC) is a computer circuit board or expansion card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network. Sometimes referred to as a LAN adapter. Network interface cards supply a dedicated, full-time connection to a network. Most home and portable computers connect to the Internet through as-needed dial-up connection.

Plug & Play

Plug and Play is a term used to describe the characteristic of a universal serial bus, or device specification, which facilitates the discovery of a hardware component in a system, without the need for physical device configuration, or user intervention in resolving resource conflicts.

Bus line

The bus lines are the communicating electronic lines that connect different parts of the CPU to various other parts. In addition, the bus lines also link the CPU to different parts on the system board of your computer. The data flows in the form of bits along the bus lines.

HDMI

HDMI (High Definition Multimedia-Interface) is a compact audio/video interface for transmitting uncompressed digital data. It is a digital alternative to consumer analog standards, such as radio frequency (RF) coaxial cable, composite video, S-Video, SCART, component video, D-Terminal, or VGA.

Cache memory

Cache (pronounced cash) memory is extremely fast memory that is built into a computer’s central processing unit (CPU). It is located next to it on a separate chip. The CPU uses cache memory to store instructions that are repeatedly required to run and load programs, improving overall system speed. 

Specialized Application Software

Adobe Editing Software

Adobe Editing Software is used by an individuals and some businessmen to edit and alter audio clips. Sound editing is used in movie to add music to video clips, make an actor's voice clear and louder than the background sound, and create a viewing experience that is preferred by the viewer.

Bitmap Image

 A bitmap or pixmap is a type of memory organization used to store digital images. Bitmap images use thousands of dots or pixels to represent an image. Each dot has a specific location, colour and shade. Raster images in general may be referred to as bitmaps or pixmaps, whether synthetic or photographic, in files or memory.

HTML Editor

HTML editor is responsible in software application for designing web pages. Although the HTML markup of a web page can be written with any text editor, specialized HTML editors can offer convenience and added functionality. For instance, many HTML editors work not only with HTML, but also with related technologies such as CSS,XML and JavaScript or ECMAScript.

Multimedia

Multimedia is integration of all sorts of media into one presentation. The term can be used as a noun (a medium with multiple content forms) or as an adjective describing a medium as having multiple content forms. Multimedia includes a combination of text, audio, still images, animation,video and interactivity content forms.

Vector Image

Vector images are a collection of individual objects rather than picture elements. Vector image use geometric shapes or objects. These shapes can be composed by connecting lines, nodes (control points) and curves. These objects can be defined by mathematical equations. Hence, they can be resized, coloured, textured and manipulated.

Web Authoring

Creating a site is called web authoring. It begins with site design followed by creation of a document file that displays website's content. The software will generate the required HTML coding for the layout of the Web pages based on what the user designs. Typically, the user can toggle back and forth between the graphical design and the HTML code and make changes to the Web page in either the design of the accompanying code.

Basic Application Software

Graphical User Interface

A graphical user interface(GUI) is a type of user interface that allows users to interact with programs in more ways than typing. For instance, hand-held devices such as MP3 players, portable media players or gaming devices; household appliances and office equipment with images rather than text commands. GUI is based on window, icon, menu and pointer too.

Word Processor

A word processor, or word processing program, does exactly what the name implies. It processes and creates text-bases documents such as memos, letters, manuals and brochures. It also processes paragraphs, pages, and entire papers. For instance,word processing programs include Microsoft Word, Corel WordPerfect (Windows only), AppleWorks (Mac only), Lotus Word Pro and OpenOffice.

Spreadsheet

A spreadsheet is a computer application that organizes, analyze, and graph numeric data such as budgets and financial reports. It is a rectangular grid of rows and columns. It displays multiple cells that consist of  alphanumeric text, numeric values, formula and function. Analytical graphs or charts are visual representation of data in a worksheet.

Database Management Ststem

A database management system(DBMS) is a set of computer programs that setup or structures a database by using related tables, thus related data can be easily retrieved. Each table is made up of rows called records and columns called fields. A DBMS is a system software package that helps the use of integrated collection of data records and files known as databases. Some examples of DBMS are Corel Paradox and Lotus Approach.

Utility Suite

Utility suites were more appealing when Windows included fewer safety and maintenance features than it does now, but all three currently available suites are worth considering if you want an all-in-one toolkit handy for maintenance and cleanup. All include antivirus as well, but they're not full-blown Internet security suites. As the market for utility suites has waned, vendors have been sluggish in updating them.

The Internet and the Web

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

File transfer protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used to copy a file from one host to another over a TCP/IP-based network, such as the Internet. FTP is built on a client-server architecture and utilizes separate control and data connections between the client and server.



Plug-ins

A plug-in (or plugin) is a set of software components that adds specific capabilities to a larger software application in computer. Plug-ins enable customizing the functionality of an application if supported. For example, plug-ins are commonly used in web browsers to play video, scan for viruses and display new file types such as Adobe Flash Player and Quick Time.

Filters

A filter is used to operate a data stream in computer. Some operating systems such as Unix are rich with filter programs. Even Windows has some simple filters built in to its command shell, most of which have significant enhancements relative to the similar filter commands that were available in MS-DOS.

Internet Security Suite

Internet security suite is types of utility suite which a collection of separate application programs bundle together and sold as a group. It offers comprehensive business-grade security to home and home office PC users.

Wiki

A wiki is a website that allows the easy creation and editing of any number of interlinked web pages via a web browsers using a simplified markup language or a WYSYWIG text editor. Wiki also designed to allow visitors to fill in missing information and correct inaccuracies. In addition, wikis are often used to create collaborative wiki websites for personal note taking and in knowledge management systems.

Javascript

Javascript is an implementation of the ECMAScript language standard and is typically used to enable programmatic access to computational objects within a host environment. It often used to trigger simple interactive features such as opening new browser windows. It is also considered a functional programming language like Scheme and OCaml because it has closures and supports higher-order functions.

Applets

Any small application that performs one specific task, sometimes running within the context of a larger program, perhaps as a plug-in is called as applets in computing. However, the term typically also refers to Java applets. That is  programs written in the Java programming language that are included in a web page.

HTML

HTML, which stands for HyperText Markup Language, is the predominant markup language for web pages. A markup language is a set of markup tags, and HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages. The purpose of a web browser is interpreting the HTML commands and display the document as a web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page.

URL

Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) that specifies where an identified resource is available and the mechanism for retrieving it. All URL have two parts which are protocol and domain name. The best-known example of the use of URLs is for the addresses of web pages on the World Wide Web, such as http://www.example.com/.

Careers in IT

Webmaster

An individual who builds, launches, updates and retains websites is named as webmaster. Webmaster is a website administrator as opposed to network and systems administrator as well as manages the infrastructure behind the website. Besides that, the title for a person or persons who look after a particular web site that should not be confused with postmaster.

Computer Support Specialist

Computer support specialists assist people how to use computers. When something happens wrong, support specialists will check it out. Majority computer of support specialists answer questions over the phone or by e-mail. Others also help people face-to-face. The specialist takes the person through the essential steps to solve the problem using their own computer while answer a problem over the phone. In addition, computer support specialists also install printers, software and other computer tools.

Technical Writer

A technical writer is called as a technical communicator. Moreover, technical writer retains, creates and devises technical documentation as a professional writer. This documentation includes online help, user guides, white papers, devise specifications, system manuals and other documents. A technical writer produces technical documentation for technical, business and consumer audiences.



Software Engineer

An individual is a profession dedicated to devise, carry out and diversify software. Therefore, it is of higher quality, more affordable, maintainable and faster to build. It is a "systematic approach to the analysis, design, assessment, implementation, test, maintenance and re-engineering of a software by applying engineering to the software".

Network Administrator

A person is responsible for the maintenance of computer hardware and software included a computer network which called as network administrator. Their jobs comprise deploying, installing,retaining and monitoring active network equipment. A related role is that of the network specialist or network analyst who concentrates on network design and security.



^{System Analyst}

A person who investigates problems, schemes solutions, recommends software and systems, and coordinates development to meet business or other requirements is called as system analyst. They will be familiar with multiple approaches to problem-solving. Analysts are often familiar with diversity of programming languages, operating systems, and computer hardware platforms.

Programmer

A programmer, computer programmer or coder is an individual who writes computer software.  Programmer is the one who would write the code for many kinds of software that would run on the client as well as the code that would run on the server. Because the client often had Microsoft Windows installed, there was often less graphic design needed for the user interface because many of the screen elements were standardized.